Orchid Genus species of Orchids Catalog P

Paphinia. Cristata Species:
Species:
Genus: Paphinia
Sub Family: Epidendroideae
Family: Orchidaceae
Order: Asparagales
Class: Liliopsida
Subtribe:
Tribe:
Division: Magnoliophyta
Kingdom: Plantae

Description
Paphinia is a genus of orchids consisting of approximately 16 species. This orchid plants are epiphytes with Pseudobulb plants are small, ovoid-shaped and have 2 or more leaves. Paphinia name comes from the Greek word "Paphia" name

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This orchid genus has a distribution area ranging from Guatemala to northern South America.

Description
Species: P. benzingii P. clausula P. P. cristata dunstervillei P. grandiflora P. herrerae P. hirtzii P. levyae P. angustisegmentata var levyae P. lindeniana P. litensis P. neudeckeri P. neudeckeri var mocoaens
Pachystoma pubescens Species:
Species:
Genus: Pachystoma
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
Pachystoma is a genus of orchids that have approximately 10 species. Genus Apaturia Lindl., Pachychilus Blume and Blume Pachystylis now included as a synonym of Pachystoma into.

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Orchid species from this genus distributed in the territory of India, China, Indomalesia, northern Australia and some islands in the archipelago (including the New Kalidonia).

Description
Species: Pachystoma holtzei Pachystoma pubescens nutans Pachystoma etc. Pachystoma senile.
Paphiopedilum barbatum Species:
Species:
Genus: Paphiopedilum
Sub Family: Cypripedioideae

Description
Paphiopedilum genus name comes from the Greek word Paphos, a city located on the island of Cyprus and that means pedilon sandals. Most species of this genus previously was part of the genus Cypripedium, Paphiopedilum yet been accepted as

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Paphiopedilum is a genus that has about 77 species of orchids are native of the South China region, India, southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands.

Description
Species, subspecies and varieties Paphiopedilum acmodontum (Philippines). Paphiopedilum adductum (Philippines) Paphiopedilum appletonianum ((Hainan to Indo-China) Paphiopedilum argus (Philippines - Luzon). Paphiopedilum armeniacum: Golden Slip
Paraphalaenopsis labukensis Species:
Species:
Genus: Paraphalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
In morphology, this species is similar to Phalaenopsis and for a long time included in the genus. Interest of both genera are similar but the leaves of Paraphalaenopsis cylindrical and long (35 cm to 3m if cultivated)

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These species are endemic plants of Borneo.

Description
Paraphalaenopsis is a genus of orchids consisting of 4 species found living in Borneo. Paraphalaenopsis denevei (West Kalimantan) Paraphalaenopsis labukensis (North Borneo) Paraphalaenopsis laycockii (Central Kalimantan and
Peristeria elata Species:
Species:
Genus: Peristeria
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
Peristeria is a genus of orchids known as pigeon ( "Dove Orchid") or "Holy Ghost Orchid". Scientific genus name is derived from the Greek word meaning peristerion of pigeons.

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Type species of this genus is Peristeria elata, which is the national flower of Panama and has taken on a large scale from its original habitat. In Peristeria habitat is commonly found growing on the edge of the forest trees on hard

Description
Species: Peristeria aspersa Rolfe Peristeria barkeri Bateman Peristeria cerina Lindl. Peristeria cerina var. guttata Rchb. f. Peristeria cerina var. guttulata Rchb. f. Peristeria cochlearis Garay Peristeria elata Hook.
Phalaenopsis amabilis Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis amabilis
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
Phalaenopsis amabilis orchid known as this month was first discovered by a Dutch botanist, Dr. C.L. Blume. These species, including epiphytes plants with fleshy roots and a long round. Short trunk and ham

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Amabilis Phalaenopsis orchids are common in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Australia. In Indonesia, almost all the islands one can find these orchids, such as Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Ambon, Bum, Timor, Papua, and Java. Viewed from the spreader
Phalaenopsis amboinensis Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis amboinensis
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
Phalaenopsis amboinensis consists of two types, namely type and type sulawesi ambon. Both types are different on the basic color flowers, but luriknya same color. Warna dasar tipe sulawesi kuning, sedangkan tipe ambon berwarna putih. While kesamaa

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As the name implies, this amboinensis Phalaenopsis orchids are orchids that originated from Ambon (Maluku Islands). Historically, this orchid was first discovered in Ambon by JJ Smith in 1911
Phalaenopsis violacea bellina -Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis violacea bellina -
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
Phalaenopsis violacea bellina-variant is one of the species or varieties of Phalaenopsis violacea, so in general no different from Phalaenopsis violacea. The difference only lies in the flower color. Crown and colorful flower petals

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West Kalimantan and Sarawak (North Borneo).
Phalaenopsis corningiana Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis corningiana
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
Corningiana Phalaenopsis flower forms including type star with flower petals and a white flower or a pale cream to pale green with a vertical variation liorisontal brown or red to purple. Bagia petals

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Island of Borneo and Malaysia
Phalaenopsis celebensis Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis celebensis
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
Phalaenopsis celebensis including epiphytes plants. Roots fleshy. The trunk is very short, almost entirely covered by the leaf midrib. The number of leaves in each tree a little and green with a variation point or a silver color blocks like a marm

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Phalaenopsis celebensis is one orchid species native to Indonesia, come from the island of Sulawesi.
Phalaenopsis equestris Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis equestris
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
This orchid was first discovered on the island of Luzon (Philippines) by Meyen. In the year 1843 for the first time this orchid Scauer as described by Stauroglottis equestris. Then in 1894, Reichenbach put it in the genus Phalaeno

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Phalaenopsis equestris is a lot of plants are epiphytes in the Philippines
Phalaenopsis Cutaneous-Cervi Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis Cutaneous-Cervi
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
Cutaneous-Cervi Phalaenopsis first discovered by Van Hasselt in Java and described by Breda in 1827 as Polychilos Cutaneous-Cervi. A few years later, Blume and Reichenbach put this species in the genus Phalaenopsis. In

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Phalaenopsis orchid-Cervi Cutaneous common in Indonesia, especially in the island of Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Java. Besides in Indonesia, Phalaenopsis orchids Cutaneous-Cervi is also found in Malaysia, Thailand, and Burma.
Phalaenopsis fimbriata Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis fimbriata
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
Phalaenopsis fimbriata including short-trunked plants epiphytes. Stem is covered by the leaf midrib. The leaves are somewhat upright, dark green, oval-shaped or round, elongated. Part-shaped leaf tip pointed or blunt. Long DAU

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The island of Java, Sumatra, Thailand and Malaysia.
Phalaenopsis fasciata Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis fasciata
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
This species first introduced by Mr. pembudidayaannya. Bull in the UK. This species was first described by Reichenbach in 1886. Phalaenopsis fasciata short trunked and wrapped in leaf midrib. Roots numerous, smooth, da

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Fasciata Phalaenopsis orchids spread in Indonesia, Filipinia, and the Malay Peninsula.
Phalaenopsis fuscata Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis fuscata
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
Phalaenopsis fuscata including epiphytes plants that covered short trunked leaf midrib. The leaves are wide, curved from base to tip, elliptical, and sharp at the edges. The length of 3O cm and leaf width of 10 cm. Interest attached to the t

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Malay Peninsula, Borneo and the Philippines
Phalaenopsis floresensis Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis floresensis
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
Phalaenopsis floresensis including epiphytes plants covered short trunked leaf midrib. The leaves are green, elliptical, and sharp or blunt ends. In a 5-7 tree leaves have a length of about 8,5-14 cm and

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Flores, Indonesia
Phalaenopsis javanica Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis javanica
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
Phalaenopsis javanica existence has been very rare. That is why orchids are much hunted by orchid lovers or collectors, both in nature and in the breeder. This orchid has a great potential as the main crossing. One potensiny

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Distribution areas are in West Java.
Phalaenopsis gigantea Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis gigantea
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
Until now, the natural habitat, orchids Phalaenopsis gigantea is rare orchids that are classified as rare and protected existence. Presence in any penyilang been very limited. And this orchid potential for d

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Phalaenopsis gigantea, also known as the giant moon orchid comes from the island of Borneo.
Phalaenopsis kunstleri Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis kunstleri
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
These species include plants whose roots fleshy epiphytes. Short stem leaf midrib almost closed. The leaves are green, shiny, and fleshy. In one tree leaves are 2-4. Long round leaf form or elliptical with the end of

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Regional distribution of this species are Malaysia (Johor and Perak), and Burma.
Phalaenopsis lindenii Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis lindenii
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
These species include plants whose roots fleshy epiphytes. Stem shortly, almost entirely covered with leaf midrib. Green leaves with a variety of white spots or silver on its surface. Long round leaf form or elliptical with the u

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spesies ini banyak terdapat di Pulau Luzon, Filipina.
Phalaenopsis lobbii Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis lobbii
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
This orchid roots many, thin shape, and short trunked almost entirely covered with leaf midrib. Leaf length reached 13 cm, 5 cm wide, pale green and grayish. Leaves are elongated oval with sharp tip

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Species including orchids are epiphytes from Burma, Sikkim, Bhutan, and Assam.
Phalaenopsis lowii Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis lowii
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
Phalaenopsis lowii are epiphytes plants. Short stem covered by the leaf midrib. Very few roots, fleshy, and grow lengthwise. The leaves are dark green on top and purplish spots on the bottom. Oval leaf shapes or lo
Phalaenopsis luddemanniana Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis luddemanniana
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
Phalaenopsis luddemanniana has pale green leaves, fleshy, 30 cm long and 9 cm wide. Oval leaves, pointed-toe a little blunt sometimes, and fell down. This leaf comes from a straight rod or shut up and midrib

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Phalaenopsis orchids come from the Philippines luddemanniana
Phalaenopsis maculata Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis maculata
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
Phalaenopsis maculata including epiphytes rooted plants and many short trunked covered by the leaf midrib. The leaves are numbered 2-3 strands, fleshy, elliptical to round, and tapering at the edges. Its length reaches 15-21 cm

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Island of Borneo and Malaysia.
Phalaenopsis mariae Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis mariae
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
Phalaenopsis mariae is a trunked plants short epiphytes. The leaves are arranged in a row over the rod. Leaves look like a tongue lengthwise with glossy dark green, thick, fleshy, and usually curved. The length of the leaf can be reached 3O

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Philippines, Borneo, and Malaysia
Phalaenopsis mannii Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis mannii
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
These species include plants that are rooted epiphytes many long, fleshy and round. Short stem, almost entirely covered with leaf midrib. Green leaves, fleshy, round, long, and the sharp end. Leaf length and width of 37 cm 7 cm. Fri

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Regional distribution is India, Sikkim, Assam, and Vietnam.
Phalaenopsis pantherina Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis pantherina
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
Phalaenopsis have pantherina crown and yellow petals with a variety of red dots until brown Ma. Crown of spiky flowers or long round at the edges. Color the center of the crown is more light than the Uju

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Island of Borneo and Malaysia.
Phalaenopsis modesta Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis modesta
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
Roots fleshy and round. The short trunk is usually covered by the leaf midrib. The leaves are fleshy and elliptical with the sharp or blunt tip. Leaves 11-15 cm long and 4-6 cm wide. In one tree there DAU

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Kalimantan
Phalaenopsis parishii Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis parishii
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
This orchid leaf elongated oval shape as the tip of the tongue with a pointed or slightly blunt. Leaves 5-10 cm long. Dark green leaf color. Phalaenopsis parishii often molt or shed their leaves. Flowers arranged a meeting on stem

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Phalaenopsis parishii was first discovered in Burma and the eastern Himalayan region in 1864 by C. Parish.
Phalaenopsis sanderiana Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis sanderiana
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
Flower color of this species is dominated by pink, sometimes decorated with white patches. Flower width with a diameter of about 7.5 cm. The edge lip yellow flowers with red spots. This species gives the impression

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Philippines Species:
Phalaenopsis stuartiana Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis stuartiana
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
Color white flowers dotted with blackish brown, sometimes red-brick, from the bottom of the tongue until the tongue. Phalaenopsis have stuartiana tongue tongue snake-like shape. Same color as the leaves schilleriana Phalaenopsis, which is green

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At the beginning of this orchid is found only in the Philippines, but later also found on the island of Lombok.
Phalaenopsis schilleriana Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis schilleriana
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
Phalaenopsis schilleriana first introduced by a German general, the Schiller. That's why this is known as the orchid Phalaenopsis schilleriana as a reward for its discoverer. Phalaenopsis is schilleriana

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Schilleriana Phalaenopsis orchids are found in the Philippines, namely the island of Luzon and the island of Biliran.
Phalaenopsis sumatrana Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis sumatrana
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
Phalaenopsis sumatrana was first discovered in Palembang (South Sumatra) by Dr. Korthals in 1839 and Reichenbach described together in the year 1856. Phalaenopsis sumatrana including orchids, epiphytes and wrapped short trunked midrib

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Distribution area includes Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand
Phalaenopsis tetraspis Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis tetraspis
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
This orchid has a unique not only because of its beauty, but also its history. According to historical records, Phalaenopsis tetraspis no longer known after first being discovered. Then in 1993, then species i

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India (Andaman and Nicobar islands), Sumatra
Phalaenopsis venosa Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis venosa
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
This species originally known as the Phalaenopsis psilantha. However, a few years later the species was introduced as a Phalaenopsis venosa. This name change is still a debate, both among hobbyists and breeder, because there was y
Phalaenopsis violacea Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis violacea
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
Phalaenopsis violacea is known there are two types, namely type of Malaya and tipeborneo. Shiny green leaves with 20,5-25 cm long and 7-12 cm wide. Flower stems short and flat with a length reaching 15 cm. The number of flowers in one shaft to reach 2-5

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Phalaenopsis violacea are common in Indonesia and Malaysia. In Indonesia there on the island of Borneo, Mentawai, Simeulue, and Sumatra. While in Malaysia are in Perak, Selangor, and Malacca.
Phalaenopsis viridis Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis viridis
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
As plants epiphytes, many of these species and fleshy roots. Stem very short and covered with leaf midrib. Shiny green leaves, elliptical or elliptical, and pointed or blunt. In one tree there are 2-4 pieces of DAU

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Indonesia
Phalaenopsis wilsonii Species:
Species: Phalaenopsis wilsonii
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
This orchid plants including many epiphytes and rooted, solid, and meetings. Stem very short, about 1 cm long. Green leaves, round, long, and sharp at the edges. Leaf length reached 2.5 cm and width 9 mm. Number of leaves 3-5 he

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Phalaenopsis wilsonii are in China (Yunnan and Szechuan) and eastern Tibet. In their natural habitat, this Phalaenopsis live in the tree above the river and in the stone.
Phragmipedium besseae Species:
Species:
Genus: Phragmipedium
Sub Family: Cypripedioideae

Description
Phragmipedium adalah genus anggrek yang namanya berasal dari kata Yunani phragma, yang artinya terbagi dan pedium, yang artinya sandal. Most species are Phragmipedium orchids, epiphytes and orchids litofit. Orchid has stami

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Approximately 20 species from SW Mexico, Central America and tropical South America.

Description
Species: Phragmipedium besseae Dodson & J. Kuhn (Ecuador to N. Peru). Phragmipedium besseae var. besseae (E. Ecuador to N. Peru). Hemicr. Phragmipedium bessae var. flavum (Braem) Gruss et Roeth 1999 (Peru) (now synonym of Phragmipedium besseae
Platanthera bifolia Species:
Species: Platanthera bifolia
Genus: Platanthera
Sub Family: Orchidoideae

Description
Lesser Butterfly-orchid (Platanthera bifolia) is the orchid of the genus Platanthera, which has a kinship with the genus Orchis, which previously included in Habenaria genus. Platanthera name comes from the Greek word meaning anther yan

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This orchid can be found in almost all of Europe and Morocco.

Description
Synonym: Orchis bifolia L. 1753 (Basónimo) Lysias bifolia (L.) Salisb. 1812 Habenaria bifolia (L.) R. Br. 1813 Sieberia bifolia (L.) Spreng. 1817 Satyrium bifolium (L.) Wahlenb. 1826 Gymnadenia bifolia (L.) G. Mey. 1836 Platanthera solstitial
Platystele stenostachya Species:
Species:
Genus: Platystele
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
Platystele is a genus of orchids that consists of more than 85 species of orchids.

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Genus tersenar ranging from Mexico to Bolivia's territory and are sometimes found in the area of Brazil.

Description
Species: Platystele acicularis Platystele calantha Platystele caudatisepala Platystele dasyglossa Platystele examen-culicum Platystele gaileana Platystele hirtzii Platystele microscopica Platystele misera Platystele ornata Platystele
Platanthera leucophaea Species:
Species: Platanthera leucophaea
Genus: Platanthera
Sub Family: Orchidoideae

Description
Orchids in growing from fleshy tubers. Plants can reach up to 91 cm high. Perbungaan big and flashy, can consist of up to 40 white flowers. Long, thin leaves. This orchid is distinguished from the edge of the prairie orchid coals

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Orchid meadow east side (eastern prairie fringed orchid), Platanthera leucophaea, is a rare orchid that is native orchids of North America. Orchids are listed in the list of rare plants in the United States.
Pleione formosana Species:
Species:
Genus: Pleione
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
Peacock orchids (genus Pleione) is a small genus of angrek beautiful. Orchids of this genus are generally but some orchids are epiphytes, or plants litofit. Genus name is derived from Greek mythology Pleione, mother of Pleia

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The genus is distributed at the foot of the Himalayas, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and China and is very well adapted to cold temperatures and even freezing. Several species grow in the warmer temperatures. These plants grow well in habitats

Description
Species: Pleione albiflora (China - W. Yunnan to N. Myanmar). Pleione aurita (China - W. Yunnan). Pleione braemii (China - Yunnan). Pleione bulbocodioides (C. China to SE. Tibetan) Pleione chunii (S. China). Pleione coronaria (C. Nepal). Pleion
Pleurothallis immersa Species:
Species:
Genus: Pleurothallis
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
Orchid Pleurothallis or bonnet, is a genus of orchids whose name is derived from the Greek 'pleurothallos', which means having branches like ribs. This name is given karenan this genus orchid plants have stems that menyerup

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Ii genus spread throughout the world starting from the southeastern United States, tropical regions of South America with most species growing in altitude Andes, forests in Colombia. These orchids grow in dry or wet tropical climate or in ikl

Description
Morphology: As a group, this orchid show vegetative form a very diverse ranging from orchids, or epiphytes that grow as the plant upright with a height of one meter served until, in groups, climbing, climbing or the like moss
Porroglossum muscosum Species:
Species:
Genus: Porroglossum
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
Porroglossum genus name comes from the Greek word meaning far and tongue, referring to the position of labellum. Labellum on this orchid is very unique, because it has a mechanism to shut down when touched by insect pollinators, so memeran

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This genus consists of 28 species distributed in the Andes.

Description
Species: Porroglossum andreettae Porroglossum dalstroemii Porroglossum dreisei Porroglossum Echidna Porroglossum hirtzii Porroglossum meridionale Porroglossum mordax Porroglossum muscosum Porroglossum olivaceum Porroglossum portillae
Ponthieva racemosa Species:
Species:
Genus: Ponthieva
Sub Family: Orchidoideae

Description
Ponthieva more dienal with a shadow witch orchid (Shadow Witch). Scientific genus name is derived from the name of Henri de Ponthieu, a French merchant who sends a collection of plants from western India to Sir Joseph Banks in 1778.

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This genus is in the southern USA to Mexico, the Caribbean and tropical America. These orchids grow in most soil orchids with simpodial growth and some plants grow as epiphytes.

Description
Species: Ponthieva andicola Rchb.f. (1876) (Ecuador) Ponthieva appendiculata Schltr. (1915) (Ecuador) Ponthieva bicornuta C. Schweinf. (1951) (Peru) Ponthieva brenesii Schltr. (1923) (Costa Rica, Panama) Ponthieva brittoniae Ames (1910): Britton '
Prasophyllum suttonii Species:
Species:
Genus: Prasophyllum
Sub Family: Orchidoideae

Description
Prasophyllum is a genus of orchids known as leek orchids general ( "Leek Orchids"). The name of this genus comes from the Greek word prason (green onion) and phyllon (leaf), referring to the similar leaf shape scallions. All s

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These plants are in Australia, Tasmania and some species are in New Zealand. This orchid grows in sandy soil is not fertile in temperata areas and grasslands.

Description
Species: Prasophyllum affine Lindl. (1840) Prasophyllum album RSRogers, (1909) Prasophyllum alpestre DLJones, (1998) Prasophyllum alpinum R.Br. (1810): Alpine Leek Orchid Prasophyllum amoenum DLJones (1998) Prasophyllum antennatum MAC
Prosthechea cochleata Species:
Species:
Genus: Prosthechea
Sub Family: Epidendroideae

Description
Prosthechea is a genus of orchids whose name is derived from the Greek word which means additional prostheke (appendix), refers to the extra organs on the back bagain column. New genus end Prostechea recently (1997; published in 1998) dipro

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This genus are epiphytes that grow orchids in the area neotropikal spread from Florida and tropical America Meksiki up.

Description
Species: Prosthechea abbreviata (Schltr.) WEHiggins (1997 publ. 1998). Prosthechea aemula (Lindl.) WEHiggins (1997 publ. 1998). Prosthechea alagoensis (Pabst) WEHiggins (1997 publ. 1998). Prosthechea allemanii (Barb.Rodr.) WEHiggins (1997