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Seven species of orchids are protected southern Kalimantan
All seven species of orchids are protected are "paraphalaenopsis laycocki", "paraphalaenopsis labukensis" and "paraphalaenopsis serpentilingua", these three species of orchids mice that are now hard to come by.
"phalaenopsis gigantea", elephant orchid month
"coelogyne pandurata", black orchid
"spathoglottis Aurea", a yellow ground orchid
"grammatophylium speciosum".
Showing posts with label Orchid news. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Orchid news. Show all posts
Orchid moons Pelaihari
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Orchid moon which is the famous orchid and Indonesia is where the growth of species of orchids than in the philippines. Pelaihari Orchid months growing in South Kalimantan (Pelaihari) has many advantages not found in other orchid species in other areas such as Bogor or flipina
Excess Pelaihari orchids months, among other things, orchid flower moon Pelaihari have a long enough period of between three to six months, much branched, the number of petals in a flower stalk between 25-50
Orchid moons Pelaihari have a pure white color and pretty incredible, if any, the price can be 5 million dollars.
Beauty orchid moon pelaihari types , this orchids moon with the price is very expensive to make and destroy the hunters forget this type of real life squad even in Pelaihari (South Kalimantan) itself has not been found.
Some hobbyists in Pelaihari able to breed naturally with little success. China breeding center may be able to breed well, although not as good in their habitat. Unlike conducted during pollination by wind or breeding of puppies.
In addition to the type of orchid months Pelaihari Indonesia loses some orchid species such as dendrobium lowii, spathoglottis Aurea (yellow ground orchid) and orchids several other denbrobium which can be found again in the forests Indonesia Kalimantan forests, especially where more than 4000 species of orchids grow.
Orchid moon which is the famous orchid and Indonesia is where the growth of species of orchids than in the philippines. Pelaihari Orchid months growing in South Kalimantan (Pelaihari) has many advantages not found in other orchid species in other areas such as Bogor or flipina
Excess Pelaihari orchids months, among other things, orchid flower moon Pelaihari have a long enough period of between three to six months, much branched, the number of petals in a flower stalk between 25-50
Orchid moons Pelaihari have a pure white color and pretty incredible, if any, the price can be 5 million dollars.
Beauty orchid moon pelaihari types , this orchids moon with the price is very expensive to make and destroy the hunters forget this type of real life squad even in Pelaihari (South Kalimantan) itself has not been found.
Some hobbyists in Pelaihari able to breed naturally with little success. China breeding center may be able to breed well, although not as good in their habitat. Unlike conducted during pollination by wind or breeding of puppies.
In addition to the type of orchid months Pelaihari Indonesia loses some orchid species such as dendrobium lowii, spathoglottis Aurea (yellow ground orchid) and orchids several other denbrobium which can be found again in the forests Indonesia Kalimantan forests, especially where more than 4000 species of orchids grow.
Orchids for the parcel
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Flowers has become a trend a long time major holidays, as well as on Iedul Fitri several kinds of orchids in great demand both in the form of parcel sold as an ornamental flower or another parcel with a decorative variety of orchids. The sale price is quite affordable than 2000 rupiah / stalk to 20000 rupah for a particular type. Dendrobium orchids sold for 7500 rupiahs / stalk or douglas orchid that can be bought at a price of 5000 rupiah / stalk .
Orchids for the parcel is very special feast day because almost everyone likes orchids especially when matched with a beautiful vase so it looks incredible. Indonesia with a wealth of orchids that many of course have to preserve the life of her orchids orchids that like-this great opportunity today to be essential to introduce the orchid in his own country. Not important to know what type of orchid orchid which is used as commodity parcel. eventually this will help in the preservation of Indonesian orchids.
back to orchd species
Flowers has become a trend a long time major holidays, as well as on Iedul Fitri several kinds of orchids in great demand both in the form of parcel sold as an ornamental flower or another parcel with a decorative variety of orchids. The sale price is quite affordable than 2000 rupiah / stalk to 20000 rupah for a particular type. Dendrobium orchids sold for 7500 rupiahs / stalk or douglas orchid that can be bought at a price of 5000 rupiah / stalk .
Orchids for the parcel is very special feast day because almost everyone likes orchids especially when matched with a beautiful vase so it looks incredible. Indonesia with a wealth of orchids that many of course have to preserve the life of her orchids orchids that like-this great opportunity today to be essential to introduce the orchid in his own country. Not important to know what type of orchid orchid which is used as commodity parcel. eventually this will help in the preservation of Indonesian orchids.
back to orchd species
Coelogyne pandurata
Orchid species known as Black or Black Orchid, because the tongue is black. Coelogyne Lindley pandurata spread in Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo and the Philippines in Mindanao, Luzon and the island of Samar. Generally grow on old trees, near the beach or in low-lying swamp areas hot enough.
Coelogyne pandurata Species:
Genus: Coelogyne
Description
Coelogyne Lindl. 1821, is a genus that has more than 200 species of orchids, epiphytes. Several orchid species are on the ground or litofit habitat . Genus Bolborchis Lindl., Pfitzer and Hologyne now Ptychogyne included Pfitzer dal
Uneven
Regional distribution of this genus mencakul India, China, Indonesia and the Fiji Islands with the main distribution area of Borneo, Sumatra and the Himalayas. Orchids of this genus can be found ranging from lowland forest to tropical rain forests pegun Description Some of the orchids Coelogyne which is the result of crossing is: Coelogyne 'Mem. W. Micholitz '(C. mooreana × C. lawrenceana) Coelogyne' Linda Buckley '(C. mooreana × C. cristata) Coelogyne' Burfordiensis' (C. pandurata × C. asperata). Coelogy
new species of dendrobium
Jakarta - Kekayaan hayati Indonesia memang seperti tidak ada habisnya. Eksplorasi demi eksplorasi di pedalaman dan hutan Indonesia kerap kali menemukan spesies baru baik flora maupun fauna.Seperti dipublikasikan baru-baru ini oleh Lembaga Imu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI) dua spesies baru kembali muncul dari belantara Kalimantan. Anggrek spesies baru berbunga indah ini diberi nama Dendrobium flos-wanua D.Metusala, P.O'Byrne & J.J.Wood dan Dendrobium dianae D.Metusala, P.O'Byrne & J.J.Wood. Seperti rilis yang diterima detikcom dari LIPI, Senin (27/9/2010), Kedua spesies ini dideskripsikan secara ilmiah oleh Destario Metusala (Kebun Raya Purwodadi-LIPI) bersama kedua rekannya Peter O'Byrne (praktisi anggrek di Singapura) dan J.J.Wood (Peneliti dari Herbarium Kew Botanical Garden-Inggris). Anggrek ini termasuk didalam marga Dendrobium seksi Calcarifera yang pusat spesiasinya diduga ada di bagian barat Indonesia, yaitu pulau Sumatera. Namun penelitian yang dilakukan secara simultan oleh peneliti dari Herbarium Kew Botanical Garden-Inggris yang mengobservasi kawasan Sarawak dan peneliti dari Kebun Raya LIPI yang melakukan observasi di Kalimantan, menunjukkan bahwa pulau Borneo merupakan salah satu pusat spesiasi yang utama dari Dendrobium seksi Calcarifera ini.Kedua anggrek spesies baru ini diperkirakan memiliki area distribusi yang terbatas hanya di kawasan Kalimantan. Oleh karena itu jenis ini tergolong sebagai spesies endemik yang memerlukan perhatian khusus untuk konservasinya. Anggrek spesies baru yang pertama adalah Dendrobium flos-wanua. Anggrek ini memiliki bunga dengan lebar 2.1-2.2 cm, berwarna hijau kekuningan mengkilat, sepal-petalnya membuka lebar, dengan bagian cuping tengah bibir bunga yang cukup lebar, berbentuk hampir segi empat dan berbelah dangkal di bagian ujungnya. Dalam satu perbungaan dapat membawa 2 sampai 8 kuntum bunga yang mekar hampir bersamaan. Selain bibir bunganya yang lebar, ciri khas unik anggrek ini adalah pada tonjolan kalus berbentuk "U" yang melintang pada bibir bunganya. Nama flos-wanua berarti "bunga Wanua" yang diambil dari nama Vincent Wanua, seorang hobiis anggrek di Malang yang telah membantu dalam penelitian ini. Jenis anggrek yang kedua adalah Dendrobium dianae yang memiliki kedekatan morfologi dengan anggrek Dendrobium muluense dari Sarawak, bedanya kalau pada bibir D. dianae memiliki dua buah kalus sejajar yang memanjang dan membujur di permukaan cuping tengah bibir bunganya. Anggrek ini memiliki bunga dengan lebar 1.6-1.8 cm, berwarna mulai dari hijau muda polos hingga kuning tua mengkilat dengan pola strip kemerahan pada sepal dan petalnya. Perbungaannya menggantung dan menggerombol antara 4-12 kuntum bunga, sehingga rangkaian bunganya nampak sangat padat. Keunikan lainnya yaitu, variasi warna Dendrobium dianae yang sangat beragam. Padahal selama ini variasi warna tidak terlalu menonjol untuk seksi Calcarifera. Dari hasil observasi diketahui bahwa terdapat setidaknya 5 variasi warna pada spesies ini, dan antar variasi warna bisa sangat ekstrim perbedaannya. Sehingga dari sisi hortikultura, keragaman warna pada D. dianae ini justru dapat menjadi potensi besar untuk dikembangkan sebagai sumber genetik dalam kegiatan pemuliaan anggrek dan hibridisasi. Nama anggrek ini didedikasikan untuk seorang hobiis anggrek sekaligus penggiat konservasi anggrek di Kalimantan Selatan (Banjarmasin) bernama Dian Rachmawaty. Dari sisi budidaya, anggrek ini terbukti cukup adaptif pada ketinggian 300-900 m dpl, dengan intensitas cahaya 50-70 persen. D. flos-wanua umumnya berbunga pada bulan April, Juni dan November. Sedangkan D. dianae hampir dapat berbunga sepanjang tahun. Kedua anggrek dari seksi Calcarifera ini menyukai media perakaran yang lembab, dan lingkungan dengan aerasi yang terbuka dan banyak angin. Hama berbahaya yang sering menyerang adalah tungau.(gah/nrl) http://m.detik.com
Eria mêdogensis
a Probably Peloric Form of Eria Coronaria, with a Discussion on Peloria in Orchidaceae
Chen Sing-Chi, Tsi Zhan-Hue
(Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Beijing)
Eria mêdogensis S. C. Chen et Tsi was recently found in southeastern Tibet, se-
veral specimens of which have been collected by various botanists since 1980. This is a “normal”
entity with its habit very similar to that of Eria coronaria, from which it differs by having a
regular perianth and longer bracts. We think it probable that this new entity is a peloric form
of Eria coronaria.
Peloria (or pelory) is a type of floral abnormality, which is found in many zygomorphic-
flowered taxa. It was first detected by Linnaeus (1744) in Linaria vulgaris, and then by others
in Labiatae, Orchidaceae, etc. However, it is still an open question how to explain it theoretical-
ly and how to treat it taxonomically.
In Orchidaceae, so far as our knowledge is concerned, peloria has been encountered in no
less than 21 genera. In most cases, peloric flowers are found sporadically on an occassional plant,
as seen in Cypripedium reginae and Eria oblitterata. Sometimes, however, peloric form may occur
coexisting with normal-flowered form in one and the same species, as seen in Dendrobium tetro-
don and Epipogium roseum. They are both abnormally peloric forms. It would not result in
naming or renaming a plant taxonomically, whether the appearance of abnormally regular flo-
wers on a normal-flowered inflorescence, or of abnormal-flowered individuals in normal-flower-
ed species. In Phragmipedium lindenii, however, the case is different. It is quite “normal” and
even of wider distribution than its nonpeloric allies P. wallisii and P. caudatum, from which
it has once been considered to be derived. This is a normally peloric form. Whether it is a
reversal or not, the appearance of a “normally” peloric taxon may be taken for a leap in the
process of evolution. Taxonomically, we had better treat it as a separate species, especially when
its origin is uncertain. For example, the entity just mentioned had been treated as a peloric va-
riety of Phragmipedium caudatum (var. lindenii) until 1975, when Dressler & Williams recogniz-
ed it as an independent species based on the fact that its nonpeloric flowers occassionally found
in a peloric population in Jungurahua of Ecuador are dissimilar in lip to those in P. cauda-
tum. Garay (1979) considered it to be a peloric form of P. wallisii but maintained it at the
specific level. This is indeed a good example of taxonomic treatment of normally peloric form.
On the other hand, however, most of the regular-flowered entities in Orchidaceae are not
peloric but rather primitive forms, such as Neuwiedia, Apostasia and Thelymitra, of which no
less than 50 species have been reported since the eighteen century. They have never been regarded
as peloric forms. Unfortunately, this has been neglected by some botanists. For instance, a hypo-
thetically primitive orchid flower designed by Pijl & Dodson (1966) has a distinctly specialized
lip with a short spur. In fact, in addition to the aforementioned genera we have some more ex-
amples of normally regular-flowered orchids. Among them Archineottia is the most interesting.
This is a genus of four species, two of which are regular-flowered. Of special interest is that in
this genus and its ally, Neottia, one can find all steps of column evolution from a simple form
with stamen and style not fully united to a most complicated form in which they have well fused.
Archineottia has a very primitive column, on which neither rostellum nor clinandrium is found
but a terminal and undifferentiated stigma (Fig.2: 2, 4, 6, 8). In addition, there exists on the
back of the column a thick ridge with its upper end joining the filament with which it is of
same texture. It is obviously the lower part of the filament which has been adnate to the style
(column). In Neottia, however, the column is much more advanced and very typical among the
family. It has a very large rostellum and most complicated stigma structure (Fig. 10, 12, 14, 16,
18). One of the most interesting examples is Neottia acuminata, in which the stigma even
becomes lamellate and almost backwards clasps the erect rostellum, but the perianth is more or
less regular with its lip entire and somewhat similar to, but shorter and wider than, the petals.
In these two genera there are altogether three species, namely Archineottia gaudissartii, A mic-
roglottis and Neottia acuminata, possessing regular or nearly regular perianth (Fig. 2: 1, 3, 17).
They are obviously not peloric forms. We can not imagine, indeed, that a complicated form
like Neottia acuminata or its allies would degenerate step by step into a simple form, and finally
into a peloric form. Archineottia belongs to the subtribe Listerinae, which is closely related to
Limodorinae, a rather primitivs subtribe with some genera possessing single pollen grain, relati-
vely few and long chromosomes and monocotyledonous habit. Apparently, there is nothing sur-
prising in the occurrence of some normally regular-flowered taxa, such as Archineottia, Diplan-
drorchis, Tangtsinia and Sinorchis, in these two primitive subtribes.
Another instance is Aceratorchis, a genus formerly included in Orchis, from which it is dis-
tinguished by the entire lip which is more or less similar to the petals. Strictly speaking, howe-
ver, its flowers are not truly regular. Two species have been described in this genus, but they
were recently considered as conspecific. Aceratorchis tschiliensis is widely distributed from
Hebei through Qinghai and Sichuan to northwestern Yunnan. It is cross-pollinated and produces
seeds efficiently. All these indicate its normally primitive taxon, instead of peloria. It may be
noted here that Asia is rich in members of Orchidioideae, as well as its primitive representatives.
The occurrence of a normally regular-flowered form in Asia, whether representing primitive
form of Orchis or Orchidioideae, is imaginable.
In Orchidaceae, as mentioned above, regular flowers are not only found in some primitive
taxa and peloric forms, but also in a few advanced groups. For example, a close investigation
by the senior author (Chen 1979) on Satyrium ciliatum revealed that this species has hermap-
hrodite, staminate and pistallate forms, for which no less than nine names have been published.
The flowers of its pistallate form are almost regular, in which nothing is found but three
similar petals and an elongate style with three stigmatic lobes at its top (Fig. 2: 19).
It is interesting to note that floral reversions in Orchidaceae are not always in connection
with peloria. For example, Epidendrum triandrum of North America represents another kind
of reversion. It is a reversal to abnormal polymery of stamens and not to abnormal regularity
of perianth. Like Phragmipedium lindenii, it is also hereditary. We may give it a new name
“Polyandrism” or something else, but, in fact, there is no essential distinction of this kind of re-
version from peloria.
It deserves mentioning that most of the regular-flowered entities, including primitive, ad-
vanced and peloric ones, occur in Asia and Australasia, where the Orchidaceae may have ori-
ginated as pointed out by some botanists. We have good reason to verify the primitiveness and
normality of many regular-flowered entities, but there exists no sufficient evidence for the im-
possible existances of normally regular-flowered species in those like Dendrobium, Eria, Lecanor-
chis, etc. For instance, Lecanorchis javanica, Dendrobium atavus and the new species described
here are considered to be peloric forms, but it is only a conjecture, for no reason can be given
for it. It is not impossible that some so-called peloric forms may prove to be truly primitive ones
in the future. Of course, a closer investigation is needed.
Summarizing the above, we may come to the following conclusions:
1. Regular or nearly regular perianth is a normal characteristic of orchids. It is chiefly
found in some primitive taxa and sometimes also in certain peloric forms and advanced groups.
Regular-flowered entities may not necessarily be peloric forms.
2. There exist two different types of peloria in Orchidaceae. One is abnormal form, with
its peloric flowers appearing at random. The other is “normal” form, with its individuals all
possessing peloric flowers. The latter is inheritable and can produce seeds efficiently, It would
be best to treat it as an independent species taxonomically, especially when its origin is uncertain.
3. Although peloria has been considered to he a reversal as a whole, conditions vary from
plant to plant. Some peloric forms have petal-like lip, and others have labellum-like petals.
Sometimes the same plant produces different kinds of peloric flowers in different years, sometimes
peloric flowers do not reappear upon the same plant. A few species can produce both peloric
and normal individuals, but others produce peloric forms only. Peloria is in fact a term only
used to cover the phase in which lip becomes similar to the petals. It is never all-embracing.
We recognize the existance of peloria in Orchidaceae, but great care must be taken to distinguish
truly peloric form from normally primitive one. It must be admitted that what causes peloria
and even what is peloria are still problems awaiting solution.
Acknowledgments: Our heartfelt thanks are due to Dr. Leslie A. Garay, Curator of the
Orchid Herbarium of Oakes Ames, Botanical Museum of Harvard University, for his valuable
suggestions during the preparation of this paper. We are also indebted to the artists, Mrs. Chun-
rung Liu and Mr. Chao-zhen Ji of our department, for their preparing the fine drawings.
Chen Sing-Chi, Tsi Zhan-Hue
(Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Beijing)
Eria mêdogensis S. C. Chen et Tsi was recently found in southeastern Tibet, se-
veral specimens of which have been collected by various botanists since 1980. This is a “normal”
entity with its habit very similar to that of Eria coronaria, from which it differs by having a
regular perianth and longer bracts. We think it probable that this new entity is a peloric form
of Eria coronaria.
Peloria (or pelory) is a type of floral abnormality, which is found in many zygomorphic-
flowered taxa. It was first detected by Linnaeus (1744) in Linaria vulgaris, and then by others
in Labiatae, Orchidaceae, etc. However, it is still an open question how to explain it theoretical-
ly and how to treat it taxonomically.
In Orchidaceae, so far as our knowledge is concerned, peloria has been encountered in no
less than 21 genera. In most cases, peloric flowers are found sporadically on an occassional plant,
as seen in Cypripedium reginae and Eria oblitterata. Sometimes, however, peloric form may occur
coexisting with normal-flowered form in one and the same species, as seen in Dendrobium tetro-
don and Epipogium roseum. They are both abnormally peloric forms. It would not result in
naming or renaming a plant taxonomically, whether the appearance of abnormally regular flo-
wers on a normal-flowered inflorescence, or of abnormal-flowered individuals in normal-flower-
ed species. In Phragmipedium lindenii, however, the case is different. It is quite “normal” and
even of wider distribution than its nonpeloric allies P. wallisii and P. caudatum, from which
it has once been considered to be derived. This is a normally peloric form. Whether it is a
reversal or not, the appearance of a “normally” peloric taxon may be taken for a leap in the
process of evolution. Taxonomically, we had better treat it as a separate species, especially when
its origin is uncertain. For example, the entity just mentioned had been treated as a peloric va-
riety of Phragmipedium caudatum (var. lindenii) until 1975, when Dressler & Williams recogniz-
ed it as an independent species based on the fact that its nonpeloric flowers occassionally found
in a peloric population in Jungurahua of Ecuador are dissimilar in lip to those in P. cauda-
tum. Garay (1979) considered it to be a peloric form of P. wallisii but maintained it at the
specific level. This is indeed a good example of taxonomic treatment of normally peloric form.
On the other hand, however, most of the regular-flowered entities in Orchidaceae are not
peloric but rather primitive forms, such as Neuwiedia, Apostasia and Thelymitra, of which no
less than 50 species have been reported since the eighteen century. They have never been regarded
as peloric forms. Unfortunately, this has been neglected by some botanists. For instance, a hypo-
thetically primitive orchid flower designed by Pijl & Dodson (1966) has a distinctly specialized
lip with a short spur. In fact, in addition to the aforementioned genera we have some more ex-
amples of normally regular-flowered orchids. Among them Archineottia is the most interesting.
This is a genus of four species, two of which are regular-flowered. Of special interest is that in
this genus and its ally, Neottia, one can find all steps of column evolution from a simple form
with stamen and style not fully united to a most complicated form in which they have well fused.
Archineottia has a very primitive column, on which neither rostellum nor clinandrium is found
but a terminal and undifferentiated stigma (Fig.2: 2, 4, 6, 8). In addition, there exists on the
back of the column a thick ridge with its upper end joining the filament with which it is of
same texture. It is obviously the lower part of the filament which has been adnate to the style
(column). In Neottia, however, the column is much more advanced and very typical among the
family. It has a very large rostellum and most complicated stigma structure (Fig. 10, 12, 14, 16,
18). One of the most interesting examples is Neottia acuminata, in which the stigma even
becomes lamellate and almost backwards clasps the erect rostellum, but the perianth is more or
less regular with its lip entire and somewhat similar to, but shorter and wider than, the petals.
In these two genera there are altogether three species, namely Archineottia gaudissartii, A mic-
roglottis and Neottia acuminata, possessing regular or nearly regular perianth (Fig. 2: 1, 3, 17).
They are obviously not peloric forms. We can not imagine, indeed, that a complicated form
like Neottia acuminata or its allies would degenerate step by step into a simple form, and finally
into a peloric form. Archineottia belongs to the subtribe Listerinae, which is closely related to
Limodorinae, a rather primitivs subtribe with some genera possessing single pollen grain, relati-
vely few and long chromosomes and monocotyledonous habit. Apparently, there is nothing sur-
prising in the occurrence of some normally regular-flowered taxa, such as Archineottia, Diplan-
drorchis, Tangtsinia and Sinorchis, in these two primitive subtribes.
Another instance is Aceratorchis, a genus formerly included in Orchis, from which it is dis-
tinguished by the entire lip which is more or less similar to the petals. Strictly speaking, howe-
ver, its flowers are not truly regular. Two species have been described in this genus, but they
were recently considered as conspecific. Aceratorchis tschiliensis is widely distributed from
Hebei through Qinghai and Sichuan to northwestern Yunnan. It is cross-pollinated and produces
seeds efficiently. All these indicate its normally primitive taxon, instead of peloria. It may be
noted here that Asia is rich in members of Orchidioideae, as well as its primitive representatives.
The occurrence of a normally regular-flowered form in Asia, whether representing primitive
form of Orchis or Orchidioideae, is imaginable.
In Orchidaceae, as mentioned above, regular flowers are not only found in some primitive
taxa and peloric forms, but also in a few advanced groups. For example, a close investigation
by the senior author (Chen 1979) on Satyrium ciliatum revealed that this species has hermap-
hrodite, staminate and pistallate forms, for which no less than nine names have been published.
The flowers of its pistallate form are almost regular, in which nothing is found but three
similar petals and an elongate style with three stigmatic lobes at its top (Fig. 2: 19).
It is interesting to note that floral reversions in Orchidaceae are not always in connection
with peloria. For example, Epidendrum triandrum of North America represents another kind
of reversion. It is a reversal to abnormal polymery of stamens and not to abnormal regularity
of perianth. Like Phragmipedium lindenii, it is also hereditary. We may give it a new name
“Polyandrism” or something else, but, in fact, there is no essential distinction of this kind of re-
version from peloria.
It deserves mentioning that most of the regular-flowered entities, including primitive, ad-
vanced and peloric ones, occur in Asia and Australasia, where the Orchidaceae may have ori-
ginated as pointed out by some botanists. We have good reason to verify the primitiveness and
normality of many regular-flowered entities, but there exists no sufficient evidence for the im-
possible existances of normally regular-flowered species in those like Dendrobium, Eria, Lecanor-
chis, etc. For instance, Lecanorchis javanica, Dendrobium atavus and the new species described
here are considered to be peloric forms, but it is only a conjecture, for no reason can be given
for it. It is not impossible that some so-called peloric forms may prove to be truly primitive ones
in the future. Of course, a closer investigation is needed.
Summarizing the above, we may come to the following conclusions:
1. Regular or nearly regular perianth is a normal characteristic of orchids. It is chiefly
found in some primitive taxa and sometimes also in certain peloric forms and advanced groups.
Regular-flowered entities may not necessarily be peloric forms.
2. There exist two different types of peloria in Orchidaceae. One is abnormal form, with
its peloric flowers appearing at random. The other is “normal” form, with its individuals all
possessing peloric flowers. The latter is inheritable and can produce seeds efficiently, It would
be best to treat it as an independent species taxonomically, especially when its origin is uncertain.
3. Although peloria has been considered to he a reversal as a whole, conditions vary from
plant to plant. Some peloric forms have petal-like lip, and others have labellum-like petals.
Sometimes the same plant produces different kinds of peloric flowers in different years, sometimes
peloric flowers do not reappear upon the same plant. A few species can produce both peloric
and normal individuals, but others produce peloric forms only. Peloria is in fact a term only
used to cover the phase in which lip becomes similar to the petals. It is never all-embracing.
We recognize the existance of peloria in Orchidaceae, but great care must be taken to distinguish
truly peloric form from normally primitive one. It must be admitted that what causes peloria
and even what is peloria are still problems awaiting solution.
Acknowledgments: Our heartfelt thanks are due to Dr. Leslie A. Garay, Curator of the
Orchid Herbarium of Oakes Ames, Botanical Museum of Harvard University, for his valuable
suggestions during the preparation of this paper. We are also indebted to the artists, Mrs. Chun-
rung Liu and Mr. Chao-zhen Ji of our department, for their preparing the fine drawings.
EGG with ORCHIDs
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Bob Sadino As a successful businessman turned out at the beginning of the trading business in retail egg. Eggs chicken eggs sold are imported. Bob sadino also introduced a package of chicken eggs are decorated with orchids. The effort has she lived around kemang up until now very famous KEMCHICK Bob Sadino innovations.
Bob Sadino As a successful businessman turned out at the beginning of the trading business in retail egg. Eggs chicken eggs sold are imported. Bob sadino also introduced a package of chicken eggs are decorated with orchids. The effort has she lived around kemang up until now very famous KEMCHICK Bob Sadino innovations.
Sekitar Anggrek (orchid species)
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Anggrek berkisar vegetatif dari tanaman ukuran yang kecil sekali beberapa milimeter (Liparis Thouars dan Platystele Schlechter) sampai dengan anggrek ukuran raksasa dengan berat beberapa ratus kilogram (Grammatophyllum Blume) . Beberapa mempunyai ukuran mencapai 13,4 meter seperti DE Sobralia altissima Bennett & Christenson, (spesies dari Peru). Demikian juga, ukuran diameter bunga bervariasi dari kurang dari 1 mm dan hampir tak terlihat dengan mata telanjang (Platystele Garay), sampai dengan diameter 15 20 cm (Paphiopedilum Pfitzer, Phragmipedium Rolfe, dan Lindley Cattleya spp.), Dan akhirnya menjadi 76 cm [Phragmipedium caudatum (Lindley) Rolfe]. Vaiasi berat dari sepersekian gram ( Pleurothallus R. Brown spp.) sampai hampir 100 gram (Coryanthes Hooker spp.).
Anggrek ternyata tidak hanya sebagai hiasan , akan tetapi beberapa kegunaan terrdapat dalam anggrek. Mayoritas anggrek banyak yang tidak umum dibudidayakan. Beberapa anggrek secara ekonomi menjadi perdagangan di luar hortikultura:
Beberapa jenis Vanili merupakan sumber rempah-rempah vanili, dan akar kering
Beberapa spesies Dactylorhiza, Eulophia, dan Orchis dijadikan salep, tepung dikonsumsi di Afrika utara , Timur Tengah (khususnya Turki), dan Asia. Acriopsis javanica di jawa dijadikan obat malaria dengan cara merebus dan mengambil madunya.
Beberapa spesies lokal digunakan untuk tujuan pengobatan; si lendir dari pseudobulbs dari beberapa spesies kadang-kadang digunakan sebagai lem, dan di Timur Jauh yang berasal dari beberapa spesies Dendrobium dibagi menjadi strip digunakan untuk menenun kerajinan.
Beberapa anggrek telah ditemukan menyebabkan dermatitis kontak (misalnya, Cypripedium reginae).
Anggrek berkisar vegetatif dari tanaman ukuran yang kecil sekali beberapa milimeter (Liparis Thouars dan Platystele Schlechter) sampai dengan anggrek ukuran raksasa dengan berat beberapa ratus kilogram (Grammatophyllum Blume) . Beberapa mempunyai ukuran mencapai 13,4 meter seperti DE Sobralia altissima Bennett & Christenson, (spesies dari Peru). Demikian juga, ukuran diameter bunga bervariasi dari kurang dari 1 mm dan hampir tak terlihat dengan mata telanjang (Platystele Garay), sampai dengan diameter 15 20 cm (Paphiopedilum Pfitzer, Phragmipedium Rolfe, dan Lindley Cattleya spp.), Dan akhirnya menjadi 76 cm [Phragmipedium caudatum (Lindley) Rolfe]. Vaiasi berat dari sepersekian gram ( Pleurothallus R. Brown spp.) sampai hampir 100 gram (Coryanthes Hooker spp.).
Anggrek ternyata tidak hanya sebagai hiasan , akan tetapi beberapa kegunaan terrdapat dalam anggrek. Mayoritas anggrek banyak yang tidak umum dibudidayakan. Beberapa anggrek secara ekonomi menjadi perdagangan di luar hortikultura:
Beberapa jenis Vanili merupakan sumber rempah-rempah vanili, dan akar kering
Beberapa spesies Dactylorhiza, Eulophia, dan Orchis dijadikan salep, tepung dikonsumsi di Afrika utara , Timur Tengah (khususnya Turki), dan Asia. Acriopsis javanica di jawa dijadikan obat malaria dengan cara merebus dan mengambil madunya.
Beberapa spesies lokal digunakan untuk tujuan pengobatan; si lendir dari pseudobulbs dari beberapa spesies kadang-kadang digunakan sebagai lem, dan di Timur Jauh yang berasal dari beberapa spesies Dendrobium dibagi menjadi strip digunakan untuk menenun kerajinan.
Beberapa anggrek telah ditemukan menyebabkan dermatitis kontak (misalnya, Cypripedium reginae).
The death of orchid species habitat
Orchid is a plant that is very beautiful forest. Forest undergrowth is orchid growth media is best fit with the character who did not want aggrek open nature with high solar intensity, especially of orchids that grow with the height above sea level in 1500. From year to year in the world almost all forest damage caused by logging and systematic destruction by many countries for various reasons. Unfortunately tropical forest is the habitat of orchids are developing countries whose governments allow loose with a variety of business and allowed the wood needs.
Indonesia, which is 20% of his life orchids in the world or place of more 5000 species of orchids are the most affected countries by the effects of globalization. Each year millions of hectares of land lying on a barren stretch of the inflamed by the high heat that the sun does not allow orchids live.
With only protect 29 species of orchids native Indonesia is not impossible there are many types of native orchids that are no longer found because of forest destruction. While the government researchers with minimal funds and the extent of forest Indonesia certainly not be able to quickly identify many orchids there.
Indonesia, which is 20% of his life orchids in the world or place of more 5000 species of orchids are the most affected countries by the effects of globalization. Each year millions of hectares of land lying on a barren stretch of the inflamed by the high heat that the sun does not allow orchids live.
With only protect 29 species of orchids native Indonesia is not impossible there are many types of native orchids that are no longer found because of forest destruction. While the government researchers with minimal funds and the extent of forest Indonesia certainly not be able to quickly identify many orchids there.
Vanda Orchid Species Beautiful Colour
Orchid Vanda orchid is one of the well known and many are in our environment. Vanda sensekerta language means "beautiful", the name was given by Sir W. Jones in the year 1795. Vanda orchid species was first discovered in the same year by William Roxburg. Vanda orchid is one of the native orchids come from tropical spread from India, Burma, Thailand, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea until Filifina. And like most tropical plants are capable of blooming orchids all year long as a condition and adequate treatment. Vanda orchids are relatively quite large and beautiful, has a lot of color variations (ex. yellow, purple, red, blue, white, etc.) and generally have freckles beautiful. In addition to beautiful flowers have the diversity of plants vandapun leaf form, namely
1.Vanda pencil-shaped leaves, Vanda is usually live in the land axis (terrestrial) and to get the full light treatment or get sunlight without shade. In some areas of western Java, Vanda species are often also used as a fence. The cultivation of these crops is usually done in a tile-walled trench using the stake as a prop by using a mixture of sawdust medium or coarse bran, shredded coconut fiber and the above media was added manure had been dried in the sun to dry.
2.Vanda pencil-shaped leaf spring, a combination of belt and pencil Vanda, elongated bowl. Generally such Vanda Vanda pencil leaves the program requires full sun.
3.Vanda belt-shaped leaves (like leaves in general), Vanda is different with the two brothers above, usually are epiphytes, or attached to the media or the tree and need a little shade around 30 - 50% light intensity sun. Planting can be directly attached to its roots by using a rope to a tree, and when it was attached to a rope can be fully released. Vanda is also planted in a pot, orchids treated just like any other epiphytes.
Some of Vanda Orchid Species:1.Vanda pencil-shaped leaves, Vanda is usually live in the land axis (terrestrial) and to get the full light treatment or get sunlight without shade. In some areas of western Java, Vanda species are often also used as a fence. The cultivation of these crops is usually done in a tile-walled trench using the stake as a prop by using a mixture of sawdust medium or coarse bran, shredded coconut fiber and the above media was added manure had been dried in the sun to dry.
2.Vanda pencil-shaped leaf spring, a combination of belt and pencil Vanda, elongated bowl. Generally such Vanda Vanda pencil leaves the program requires full sun.
3.Vanda belt-shaped leaves (like leaves in general), Vanda is different with the two brothers above, usually are epiphytes, or attached to the media or the tree and need a little shade around 30 - 50% light intensity sun. Planting can be directly attached to its roots by using a rope to a tree, and when it was attached to a rope can be fully released. Vanda is also planted in a pot, orchids treated just like any other epiphytes.
Vanda coerulea Lindl
Vanda tricolor Lindl
Vanda sanderiana
Cymbidium hartinahianum, anggrek hartinah
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Cymbid is one of the various types of plants and the genus Cymbidium having narrow leaves and long ducked a bunch of flowers with a striking variety of colors boat-shaped. Hybridization and widely cultivated as a crop and an important collection for the Florists'
Cymbidium hartinahianum, anggrek hartinah
Cymbidium plants hartinahianum a "highlander". Namely around the height of more than 1500m above sea level. Habitat is in the open field. Like plant occupies higlander extreme temperature difference between day and night.
This is a difficult development of the collectors and hobbyists
required adequate greenhouse with high technology to maintain and membanyakan orchid species.
Error care will only destroy this species.
Orchid species living around the Bukit Barisan Mountains that stretch from North to South. North Sumatra
Cymbidium Hartinahianum, orchid Hartinah
Cymbid is one of the various types of plants and the genus Cymbidium having narrow leaves and long ducked a bunch of flowers with a striking variety of colors boat-shaped. Hybridization and widely cultivated as a crop and an important collection for the Florists'
Cymbidium hartinahianum, anggrek hartinahCymbidium plants hartinahianum a "highlander". Namely around the height of more than 1500m above sea level. Habitat is in the open field. Like plant occupies higlander extreme temperature difference between day and night.
This is a difficult development of the collectors and hobbyists
required adequate greenhouse with high technology to maintain and membanyakan orchid species.
Error care will only destroy this species.
Orchid species living around the Bukit Barisan Mountains that stretch from North to South. North Sumatra
Cymbidium Hartinahianum, orchid Hartinah
LIPI Discover New Orchid Species in Flores
Home to Orchid worldIndonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) announced a new orchid species from the island of Flores, East Nusa Tenggara, which is named Dendrobium floresianum.
LIPI researchers orchids, Destario Metusala, the Kebon Raya Puwodadi, East Java, Monday (22 / 6), say, publication name the new orchid species that was broadcast on The Orchid Review, England, a journal of orchids widely read internationally.
According Destario Metusala, orchid species naming was the result of her research with researchers Singapore, O'Byrne, for three years, ever since they found that flower in 2006. Flowers accidentally found it, according to him, has the closest relatives of orchid species of D. obrienianum from the Philippines.
Time for three years, said Destario, required to perform various scientific measures for this orchid species, including the identification process to ensure that the orchids species are different from relatives in the same genus.
According to him, now is the time to introduce to the public within the country of origin of new species of Indonesia.
"To develop this Orchid species of Dendrobium floresianum easy to do because, although found in mountainous areas, this interest rate adjust to the lower regions of origin humidity enough," he said.
Orchid's flowering period in April-May, September-October, and January. Dendrobium floresianum like region with a smooth air circulation, with a range of light up to 50 percent 70 percent. Mentioned, like other Orchid species of Dendrobium, orchids floresianum highly susceptible to pest attack.
LIPI researchers orchids, Destario Metusala, the Kebon Raya Puwodadi, East Java, Monday (22 / 6), say, publication name the new orchid species that was broadcast on The Orchid Review, England, a journal of orchids widely read internationally.
According Destario Metusala, orchid species naming was the result of her research with researchers Singapore, O'Byrne, for three years, ever since they found that flower in 2006. Flowers accidentally found it, according to him, has the closest relatives of orchid species of D. obrienianum from the Philippines.
Time for three years, said Destario, required to perform various scientific measures for this orchid species, including the identification process to ensure that the orchids species are different from relatives in the same genus.
According to him, now is the time to introduce to the public within the country of origin of new species of Indonesia.
"To develop this Orchid species of Dendrobium floresianum easy to do because, although found in mountainous areas, this interest rate adjust to the lower regions of origin humidity enough," he said.
Orchid's flowering period in April-May, September-October, and January. Dendrobium floresianum like region with a smooth air circulation, with a range of light up to 50 percent 70 percent. Mentioned, like other Orchid species of Dendrobium, orchids floresianum highly susceptible to pest attack.
A Brassia Orchid Species And A Spider
Orchid Image : A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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What does a spider and an orchid plant have in common? Yes, Halloween is a special day. Brassia orchid plant is a name given to these spider orchids.
Indeed, you can see the resemblance to the spider in this picture.
These beautiful orchids are from the Genus Brassia, the spider orchid. The long and slender petals and septals are like spider legs.
They are named in honor of William Brass, a 19th-century British botanical illustrator, this orchid grows in the wet forests of tropical Central and South America, but it is also comfortable in cultivation.
Many species in the genus Brassia orchid plants are pollinated by parasitic wasps, which normally lay their eggs on spiders. The patterns and structure of Brassia orchids resemble a spider in its web enough to encourage these wasps to lay their eggs in the plants' blossoms and in doing so pollinate them.
The flower spike will provide you with a number of these flowers which do resemble spiders along the spike. Brassias are crossed with Miltonia and Ondontoglossums to produce some very pretty orchid plants. Some have flowers that reach about 10 inches in diameter.
And did I mention they are extremely fragrant as well.
They are not hard to grow but do require some specific parameters for their growth. First, spider orchid plants do require either high intensity bright light. This can be diffuse light. They should not have the direct noon-time sunlight.
During the day and into their growth and blooming period they like temps between 65 and 75 degrees Fahrenheit (18 C. - 24 C.) At night the temps for the Brassia orchid plant should be between 55 and 65F. ( 13 C. - 18 C.)
Just after their blooming period these plants need a rest for several weeks. This means that the temperature should be kept on the lower end of the range, 55 - 60 degrees.
As far as watering, they need to be kept moist but not wet during their growing season. The growing period is during the development of the pseudopods which are flat and when the inflorescence (flower spike). After this period you should water only once a week.
Spider orchid plants do need both humidity and air circulation. The humidity is between 50-70%. This is a little higher than most orchids. For air circulation you can use a small fan, but don't point the fan on the plant.
Now when you remember or see a spider you can imagine the beautiful Brassia orchid plant.
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HOME
What does a spider and an orchid plant have in common? Yes, Halloween is a special day. Brassia orchid plant is a name given to these spider orchids.
Indeed, you can see the resemblance to the spider in this picture.
These beautiful orchids are from the Genus Brassia, the spider orchid. The long and slender petals and septals are like spider legs.
They are named in honor of William Brass, a 19th-century British botanical illustrator, this orchid grows in the wet forests of tropical Central and South America, but it is also comfortable in cultivation.
Many species in the genus Brassia orchid plants are pollinated by parasitic wasps, which normally lay their eggs on spiders. The patterns and structure of Brassia orchids resemble a spider in its web enough to encourage these wasps to lay their eggs in the plants' blossoms and in doing so pollinate them.
The flower spike will provide you with a number of these flowers which do resemble spiders along the spike. Brassias are crossed with Miltonia and Ondontoglossums to produce some very pretty orchid plants. Some have flowers that reach about 10 inches in diameter.
And did I mention they are extremely fragrant as well.
They are not hard to grow but do require some specific parameters for their growth. First, spider orchid plants do require either high intensity bright light. This can be diffuse light. They should not have the direct noon-time sunlight.
During the day and into their growth and blooming period they like temps between 65 and 75 degrees Fahrenheit (18 C. - 24 C.) At night the temps for the Brassia orchid plant should be between 55 and 65F. ( 13 C. - 18 C.)
Just after their blooming period these plants need a rest for several weeks. This means that the temperature should be kept on the lower end of the range, 55 - 60 degrees.
As far as watering, they need to be kept moist but not wet during their growing season. The growing period is during the development of the pseudopods which are flat and when the inflorescence (flower spike). After this period you should water only once a week.
Spider orchid plants do need both humidity and air circulation. The humidity is between 50-70%. This is a little higher than most orchids. For air circulation you can use a small fan, but don't point the fan on the plant.
Now when you remember or see a spider you can imagine the beautiful Brassia orchid plant.
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write on http://www.orchids-plus-more.com/brassia-orchid-plant.html
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